History of Shock Waves and Radial Pressure Waves From Newton to Our Times

Review Article | Volume 3 | Issue 1 | JRS Jun – June 2023 | Page 09-14 | Daniel Moya, Achim M. Loske, Paul Hobrough , Carla Moya.
DOI: 10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.70

Author: Daniel Moya [1], Achim M. Loske [2], Paul Hobrough [3], Carla Moya [4]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Argentina,
[2] Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México,,

[3] The University of Northumbria – Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,

[4] Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Daniel Moya,
Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
E-mail: drdanielmoya@yahoo.com.ar


Abstract

Although shock waves have been present in nature since its origins, current knowledge took many centuries of study and research. The history of the development of the use of mechanical waves for therapeutic purposes has been a long process in which scientists from many countries contributed. The physical knowledge of waves, the development of generation sources, the first applications in kidney stones and the discovery of their biological impact have been milestones in this long process. The aim of this publication is to highlight previous discoveries that have not been described when analyzing the development of shock waves as a therapeutic tool.

Keywords: Shock waves, Radial pressure waves, History.


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How to Cite this article: Moya D, Loske AM, Hobrough P, Moya C. History of Shock Waves and Radial Pressure Waves From Newton to Our Times. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jan – June 2023; 3(1): 09-14.

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How Shock Waves works ON Musculoskeletal Tissues? The Contribution Of Italian School

Basic Science | Volume 3 | Issue 1 | JRS Jun – June 2023 | Page 15-17 | Sergio Gigliotti , Maria Chiara Vulpiani Maria Cristina D’Agostino , Mario Vetrano, Pietro Romeo , Angela Notarnicola , Roberto Frairia , Laura Berta , Ernesto Amelio, Sergio Russo , Biagio Moretti.
DOI: 10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.073

Author: Sergio Gigliotti [1], Maria Chiara Vulpiani [2], Maria Cristina D’Agostino [3], Mario Vetrano [2], Pietro Romeo [4], Angela Notarnicola [5], Roberto Frairia [6], Laura Berta [4], Ernesto Amelio [7], Sergio Russo [8], Biagio Moretti [5]

[1]  Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 Centro-Department of Orthopaedics, Campania, Italy,
[2] Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”,Roma, Italy,

[3] Department of Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,

[4] Med and Sport 2000 Center, Turin, Italy,

[5] Department of Orthopaedics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy,
[6] Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,
[7] Department of Orthopaedics, University of Verona, Italy,
[8] Department of Orthopaedics, University of Naples, Campania, Italy.

 

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Sergio Gigliotti,
ASL NA1Centro-Department of Orthopaedics, Campania, Italy.
Email: gigliotti_2004@libero.it


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  11. Leone L, Raffa S, Vetrano M, Ranieri D, Malisan F, Scrofani C, et al. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment (ESWT) enhances the in vitro-induced differentiation of human tendon-derived stem/progenitor cells (hTSPCs) Oncotarget 2016;7:6410-23.
  12. Vetrano M, Ranieri D, Nanni M, Pavan A, Malisan F, Vulpiani MC, et al. Hyaluronic Acid (HA), Platelet-Rich Plasm and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) promote human chondrocyte regeneration in vitro and ESWT-mediated increase of CD44 expression enhances their susceptibility to HA treatment. PLoS One 2019;14:e0218740.
  13. Moretti B, Iannone F, Notarnicola A, Lapadula G, Moretti L, Patella V, et al. Extracorporeal shock waves down-regulate the expression of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008;9:16.
  14. Tamma R, dell’Endice S, Notarnicola A, Moretti L, Patella S, Patella V, et al. Extracorporeal shock waves stimulate osteoblast activities. Ultrasound Med Biol 2009;35:2093-100.
  15. Iannone F, Moretti B, Notarnicola A, Moretti L, Patella S, Patella V, et al. Extracorporeal shock waves increase interleukin-10 expression by human osteoarthritic and healthy osteoblasts in vitro. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009;27:794-9.
  16. Notarnicola A, Tamma R, Moretti L, Fiore A, Vicenti G, Zallone A, et al. Effects of radial shock waves therapy on osteoblasts activities Musculoskelet Surg 2012;96:183-9.

 

 


How to Cite this article: Gigliotti S, Vulpiani MC, D’Agostino MC, Vetrano M, Romeo P, Notarnicola A, Frairia R, Berta L, Amelio E, Russo S, Moretti B. How shock waves works on musculoskeletal tissues? The contribution of Italian school. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jan – June 2023; 3(1): 15-17.

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In the Garden of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy, Not Everything is Roses

Review Article | Volume 3 | Issue 1 | JRS Jun – June 2023 | Page 18-21 | Achim M. Loske
DOI: 10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.075

Author: Achim M. Loske 

[1] Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Achim M Loske,
Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Qro., 76230 México.
E-mail: loske@fata.unam.mx


Abstract

The popularity of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to treat a large variety of medical conditions is indisputable. Despite this, sometimes poor results are obtained, and mild to severe complications have been reported. In most cases, wrong information and lack of training are responsible for this. The objective of this article is to explain the potential danger of using shock waves and radial pressure waves, as well as the reasons why, from the point of view of physics, sometimes the outcome is not as expected.

Keywords: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Shock waves, Radial pressure waves, Interaction with matter, Acoustic cavitation.


References:

  1. International Society for Medical Shockwave Therapy. Introduction and Prerequisites and Minimal Standards of Performing ESWT. Available from: https://www.shockwavetherapy.org/about-eswt/indications
  2. Novak KF. Physics: F-SW and R-SW. Basic information on focused and radial shock wave physics. In: Lohrer H, Gerdesmeyer L, editors. Multisdisciplinary Medical Applications. Heilbronn, Germany: Level 10 Buchverlag Daniela Bamberg; 2014.
  3. Philipp A, Delius M, Scheffczyk C, Vogel A, Lauterborn W. Interaction of lithotripter-generated shock waves with air bubbles. J Acoust Soc Am 1993;93:2496-509.
  4. Coralic V. Simulation of Shock-induced Bubble Collapse with Application to Vascular Injury in Shockwave Lithotripsy. Dissertation. Pasadena, CA, USA: California Institute of Technology; 2014.
  5. Ueberle F, Jamshidi Rad A. Ballistic pain therapy devices: Measurement of pressure pulse parameters. Biomed Eng/Biomed Tech 2012;57:700-3.

 


How to Cite this article: Loske AM. In the Garden of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy, Not Everything is Roses. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jan – June 2023; 3(1): 18-21.

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Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome

Review Article | Volume 3 | Issue 1 | JRS Jun – June 2023 | Page 22-25 | Oyama Arruda Frei Caneca Junior , Ibrahim Afranio Willi Liu .
DOI: 10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.077

Author: Oyama Arruda Frei Caneca Junior [1], Ibrahim Afranio Willi Liu [2]

[1] Director of SMBTOC, Orthopedic Surgeon at GOT Recife (Orthopedics and Traumatology Group), Brazil,
[2] Director of the Brazilian Medical Society for Shockwave Treatment-SMBTOC and Brazilian Orthopedic Society-SBOT Pain Committee.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Oyama Arruda Frei Caneca Junior,
Director of SMBTOC, Orthopedic Physician at GOT Recife (Orthopedics and Traumatology Group), Brazil.
E-mail: oyama.arruda@gmail.com


Abstract

Peritrochanteric hip pain or great trochanter pain syndrome (GTPS) is a frequent complaint in offices and is the most common cause of pain and tenderness affecting the lateral part of the hip. Traditional conservative treatment of GTPS includes the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, and changing activities of daily living. In resistant cases, shockwave treatment presents satisfactory results considered good and excellent in 70 to 80% of GTPS cases treated by this technique, reducing the need for other treatments and the use of medications for long eriods. The treatment of GTPS with shock waves can be performed with focal waves or radial pressure waves, with the application of 3 initial sessions with an interval of one week, frequencies between 4 and 6 Hz, with 500 initial pulses in the region and at least 2000 pulses using energy between medium and high intensity at the point of greatest sensitivity on palpation, It is also important to treat the trigger points of the hip region. Due to the anatomical characteristics of a deep joint and the frequent presence of an associated myofascial pain, hip pathologies are a good option for the concomitant use of focal and radial pressure waves.

Keywords: Greater trochanteric pain syndrome; Trochanteric bursitis; hip pain; lateral hip pain; Shock waves; Radial pressure waves.


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  16. Cowan RM, Semciw AI, Pizzari T, Cook J, Rixon MK, Gupta G, Plass LM, Ganderton CL. Muscle size and quality of the gluteal muscles and tensor fasciae latae in women with greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Clin Anat. 2020 Oct;33(7):1082-1090. doi: 10.1002/ca.23510. Epub 2019 Nov 24.

 

 


How to Cite this article: Junior OAFC, Liu IAW | Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jan – June 2023; 3(1): 22-25.

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Achilles Tendinopathy, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management with Shockwave Therapy

Review Article | Volume 3 | Issue 1 | JRS Jun – June 2023 | Page 26-31 | Paul German Terán , Estefania Anabel Lozada , Alvaro Santiago LeMarie.
DOI: 10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.79

Author: Paul German Terán [1], Estefania Anabel Lozada [1], Alvaro Santiago LeMarie [2]

[1] Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Orthopedic Specialties Center, Quito, Ecuador,
[2] Anatomy Professor, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Ecuador.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Paul German Terán,
Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Orthopedic Specialties Center, Quito, Ecuador.
E-mail: paulteranmd@gmail.com


Abstract

The Achilles tendon is a strong structure that is frequently injured in runners and jumpers, but it can also be present in patients who do not engage in any sports. This clinical syndrome is characterized by pain, structural changes, and impairment of physical function. Achilles tendinopathy is extensively studied because it can be devastating, with slow and prolonged recovery that can take a year or more, and a high risk of re-injury. This condition is classified into insertional and non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy, depending on the affected region of the tendon. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the intratendinous changes in vascularization and elevated pain neurotransmitters. The diagnosis is primarily based on the patient’s clinical history, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound, including sonoelastography, and magnetic resonance imaging can be useful in identifying the nature, location, and extent of the lesion. Treatment options for Achilles tendinopathy include rehabilitation, image-guided injections, shockwave therapy, ultrasound therapy, percutaneous intratissue electrolysis, orthotics, medications, and surgery. Among these options, shockwave therapy may provide the best tolerance, pain relief, and functional recovery.

Keywords: Achilles tendon, tendinopathy, insertional, non-insertional, extracorporeal shock waves.


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How to Cite this article: Terán PG, Lozada EA, LeMarie AS. | Achilles Tendinopathy, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management with Shockwave Therapy. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jan – June 2023; 3(1): 26-31.

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Lateral Epicondylitis: General Concepts and Shock Wave Treatment Evidence

Review Article | Volume 3 | Issue 1 | JRS Jun – June 2023 | Page 32-34 | Ricardo Kobayashi.
DOI: 10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.81

Author: Ricardo Kobayashi [1]

[1] Pain Center, University of S£o Paulo, S£o Paulo, Brazil.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Ricardo Kobayashi, MD, Phd,
Pain Center, University of S£o Paulo, S£o Paulo, Brazil.
E-mail: institutokobayashi@gmail.com


Abstract

Introduction:Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is one of the most common tendinopathies of the upper extremity characterized by lateral elbow pain, seriously affecting patients’ daily life and work.
Pathophysiology: Anatomically, the common extensor insertion on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, mostly the extensor carpi radial is brevis tendon insertion, undergoes microtearing associated with a chronic repair process, but hardly any inflammation. The pathoanatomy of overuse tendinopathy is non-inflammatory angiofibroblastic tendinosis. For this reason, the term ‘‘tendinitis’’ is avoided, and ‘‘tendinosis’’ is preferred.
Diagnosis: LE is primarily a clinical diagnosis. The natural history is a gradual onset of pain in the absence of defined trauma. The most
common findings on physical examination are tenderness at the lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus and weakness or pain with resisted wrist extension (the Thomsen test).
Treatment: Non-surgical options are the mainstream treatment for LE, a small proportion of patients eventually undergoes surgery, although surgery for LE is no more effective than non-surgical treatment, based on evidence. Non-operative treatments including rest, application of ice, administration of analgesic medications, orthopedic devices, ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, eccentric training, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT).
Shockwave Treatment of LE: There are many therapeutic options for treating LE. The existing evidence does not clearly support the efficacy of any of the available treatment methods for this clinical condition. ESWT is not the exception, although it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating this disease in 2002 and much of the current evidence supports its indication for LE..

Keywords: Lateral epicondylitis, Tennis elbow, Tendinopathy, Shock waves.


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How to Cite this article: Kobayashi R. | Lateral Epicondylitis: General Concepts and Shock Wave Treatment Evidence. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jan – June 2023; 3(1): 32-34.

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