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Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Radial Pressure Wave Therapy in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Narrative Review of Clinical Outcomes and Therapeutic Implications

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Review Article | Vol 5 | Issue 2 |  July-December 2025 | page: 32-38 | Armando Tonatiuh Ávila García, Karen Chacón Morales, Ana Lilia Villagrana Rodríguez, Daniel Miller Serano, Diego Alberto Rojo Orozco, Diana Hazel Araiza Quintana

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2025.v05.i02.179

Open Access License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).

Submitted Date: 05 Aug 2025, Review Date: 18 Nov 2025, Accepted Date: Nov 2025 & Published: 30 Dec 2025

Author: Armando Tonatiuh Ávila García [1], Karen Chacón Morales [1], Ana Lilia Villagrana Rodríguez [1], Daniel Miller Serano [1], Diego Alberto Rojo Orozco [1], Diana Hazel Araiza Quintana [1]

 

[1] Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde,” Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.

Address of Correspondence
Armando Tonatiuh Ávila García,
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde,” Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
E-mail: atavila@hcg.gob.mx

Abstract

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy and a frequent cause of pain, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life. Although conservative management remains the first-line approach for mild-to-moderate disease, optimal non-invasive treatment strategies continue to be investigated. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and radial pressure wave therapy (RPWT) have emerged as potential therapeutic alternatives due to their biological effects on nerve regeneration, inflammation, and tissue healing.
Objective: The objective of the study is to synthesize and critically evaluate the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of ESWT and RPWT in the management of CTS.
Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies evaluating the effects of ESWT and RPWT in patients with CTS were included, encompassing randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews. Outcomes of interest included pain intensity, functional status, and electrophysiological parameters.
Results: The available evidence suggests that ESWT and RPWT are associated with significant improvements in pain relief, functional outcomes, and nerve conduction parameters in patients with mild-to-moderate CTS. Both ESWT and RPWT modalities demonstrated clinical benefits, with improvements observed in Visual Analog Scale scores, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire outcomes, and electrophysiological measures. Across studies, ESWT and RPWT were generally well tolerated, with minimal and transient adverse effects. Comparisons with conventional treatments, including splinting and corticosteroid injection, indicate comparable or superior outcomes for ESWT and RPWT in selected patient populations.
Conclusion: ESWT and RPWT represent promising non-invasive treatment options for CTS, offering meaningful clinical benefits with a favorable safety profile. Although current evidence supports its use in mild-to-moderate disease, further high-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted to establish optimal treatment parameters and long-term efficacy.
Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy, Radial Pressure Wave Therapy, Median Nerve.`

References:

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How to Cite this article: Richmond C, Thieu V, Singh M. Application of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Recalcitrant Patellar Tendinopathy Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Patellar Tendon Autograft. Journal of Regenerative Science. July-December 2025;5(2):32-38

 

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Visual Analysis of Research Progress and Trends in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Coronary Heart Disease

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Original Article | Vol 5 | Issue 2 |  July-December 2025 | page: 20-27 | Na Chen

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2025.v05.i02.175

Open Access License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).

Submitted Date: 25 Oct 2025, Review Date: 12 Nov 2025, Accepted Date: Nov 2025 & Published: 30 Dec 2025

Author: Na Chen [1]

[1] Department of Internal Medicine, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, China

Address of Correspondence
Na Chen,
Department of Internal Medicine, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, China. E-mail: 18901267905@163.com; CN09558@pku.edu.cn.

Abstract

Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive intervention in cardiovascular disease (CVD) management, with increasing research interest over the past two decades. This study aimed to systematically analyze the research progress, hotspots, and development trends in ESWT for CVD using bibliometric methods, providing a comprehensive overview for subsequent research.
Methods: Literature related to ESWT and CVD was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database, covering the period from 1999 to August 2025. The search strategy was defined as TS=([Shock wave OR Extracorporeal shock wave therapy OR ESWT] AND [Cardiovascular disease OR Coronary artery disease OR Myocardial ischemia OR Heart failure]). After excluding non-English studies, proceeding papers, retracted publications, and early access articles, 465 valid articles were included. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, focusing on publication trends, country/institution contributions, author collaborations, journal distributions, keyword co-occurrence, and cited references.
Results: A total of 465 publications involving 3019 authors from 1001 institutions across 55 countries were included, with 15,556 citations from 3104 sources. The annual number of publications has shown a steady growth trend since 2017. The United States (133 documents, 53.3 average citations) was the most influential country, followed by China (82 documents) and Germany (47 documents). Tohoku University (20 documents, 56.1 average citations) and Mayo Clinic (11 documents, 79.7 average citations) were leading institutions. Hiroaki Shimokawa and Hon-Kan Yip (18 documents each) were the most productive authors. Heart Rhythm (15 documents, 44.8 average citations) and Circulation (9 documents, 140.2 average citations) were core journals in this field. High-frequency keywords included “heart failure” (56 times), “coronary artery disease” (44 times), and “mortality” (41 times), with “outcome” being recent burst terms (2023–2025). The top-cited reference was a 2004 study on ESWT improving ischemia-induced myocardial dysfunction in pigs (87 citations).
Conclusion: ESWT for CVD is a rapidly developing research field, with the United States leading in academic influence. Current research focuses on myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and therapeutic efficacy/safety, while future trends may involve exploring mechanisms related to extracorporeal shock wave action and expanding clinical applications in comorbidities.
Keywords: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Cardiovascular disease, Bibliometrics, CiteSpace, VOSviewer

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How to Cite this article: Chen N . Visual analysis of research progress and trends in extracorporeal shock wave therapy for coronary heart disease. Journal of Regenerative Science. July-Decemnber 2025;5(2):20-27

 

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Guidelines for High-energy Focused Shock Wave Therapy in Non-traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Adults (2025 Edition)

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Original Article | Vol 5 | Issue 2 |  July-December 2025 | page: 2-12 | Tianyang Liu, Wei Sun, Fuqiang Gao

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2025.v05.i02.171

Open Access License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).

Submitted Date: 05 Aug 2025, Review Date: 23 Sep 2025, Accepted Date: 09 Nov 2025 & Published: 30 Dec 2025

Author: Tianyang Liu [1], Wei Sun [2], Fuqiang Gao [1]
[1] Department of Orthopedics, Osteonecrosis and Hip Dysplasia Hip Preservation Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
[2] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Fuqiang Gao,
Department of Orthopedics, Osteonecrosis and Hip Dysplasia Hip Preservation Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
E-mail: gaofuqiang@bjmu.edu.cn/gaofuqiang@hsc.pku.edu.cn

Abstract

Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a common and refractory orthopedic disease that leads to disability and is a frequent cause of hip joint dysfunction and pain. This condition imposes a significant burden on patients, their families, and society. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non-invasive, safe, and effective treatment that has been widely used in the clinical management of musculoskeletal diseases, including NONFH. However, the current application of ESWT for NONFH lacks a unified consensus regarding treatment protocols and evaluation methods, limiting its widespread adoption. Consequently, developing standardized, scientific, and effective ESWT interventions for patients with early- and mid-stage NONFH remains a critical concern for clinicians. These guidelines have been developed under the organization of the Third Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital and the China–Japan Friendship Hospital, with contributions from the Shock Wave Medical Professional Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and experts in ONFH and ESWT. It references the latest domestic and international literature, integrates domestic clinical experience and actual conditions, and employs the modified 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) levels of evidence and grades of recommendation. Guidelines are developed under the guidance of the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development (2014 Edition) and the Chinese Principles for the Development and Revision of Clinical Guidelines (2022 Edition). The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II), Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation in China (AGREE-China) were also referenced for evaluation. Nine clinical questions of utmost concern to physicians were selected, leading to the formation of nine evidence-based recommendations. These guidelines aim to provide constructive recommendations and a basis for the promotion and application of ESWT in the treatment of NONFH, thereby enhancing the scientific rigor and standardization of ESWT.
Keywords: Shockwave, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Osteonecrosis of the femoral head, Evidence-based medicine, Physical therapy

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34. Liu HJ, Wang QY, Niu CL, Wang GS, Huang GY. Clinical application study of multiple small-diameter drilling combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) under C-arm positioning in the treatment of early femoral head necrosis. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2023;36:1014-20.
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How to Cite this article: XLiu T, Sun W, Gao F. Guidelines for High-energy Focused Shock Wave Therapy in Non-traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Adults (2025 Edition). July-Decemnber 2025;5(2):2-12.

 

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Assessment of the Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Adhesive Capsulitis: Outcomes Analysis and Predictors of Recurrence

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Original Article | Vol 5 | Issue 1 |  January-June 2025 | page: 23-30 | Paul Teran, Anabel Lozada, Francisco Endara, Luis Guzman

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2025.v05.i01.165

Open Access License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).

Submitted Date: 26 April 2025, Review Date: 15 May 2025, Accepted Date: May 2025 & Published: 30 Jun 2025

Author: Paul Teran [1, 2], Anabel Lozada [1], Francisco Endara [1], Luis Guzman [3]

[1] Orthopedic Surgeon, Orthopedic Specialties Center (CEO), Quito-Ecuador,
[2] Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Metropolitan Hospital, Quito – Ecuador,
[3] Physician, Orthopedic Specialties Center (CEO), Quito-Ecuador.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Paul Germán Terán Vela,
Orthopaedic Surgeon, Orthopedic Specialties Center (CEO), Quito-Ecuador.
E-mail: paulteranmd@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is a condition characterized by pain and progressive restriction of the range of motion. Its management remains a clinical challenge due to variability in therapeutic response. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a non-invasive alternative with potential antifibrotic and analgesic effects. However, evidence regarding its efficacy and the factors associated with recurrence is limited.
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of ESWT in functional improvement and pain reduction in patients with adhesive capsulitis and to analyze clinical factors associated with recurrence.
Study Design: A retrospective observational study conducted in a cohort of patients with adhesive capsulitis treated with ESWT. The study adhered to strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines for observational research.
Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients with a clinical and image-based diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis in the inflammatory or adhesive stage, treated with ESWT at a specialized center, were included. Patients with prior shoulder surgery, inflammatory arthritis, joint infection, or full-thickness rotator cuff tear were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables were analyzed.
Measured Outcomes:
• Functionality: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score, pre- and post-treatment
• Pain: Visual analog scale (VAS)
• Recurrence: Reappearance of symptoms requiring additional intervention within a 1-year period.
Multivariable logistic regression with Lasso regularization was used to identify predictors of recurrence.
Outcomes: Following ESWT treatment, there was a significant reduction in DASH scores (62.4 ± 11.2 pre-treatment vs. 35.6 ± 9.8 post-treatment, P < 0.001) and in VAS scores (mean reduction of 3.8 points, P < 0.001). The 1-year recurrence rate was 26.3%. The following clinical factors were associated with an increased risk of recurrence:
• Advanced age (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, confidence interval [IC] 95%: 1.01–1.15, P = 0.02)
• Longer duration from symptom onset to the initiation of ESWT (OR = 1.23, IC 95%: 1.06–1.41, P = 0.004)
• Treatment cost as a mild protective factor (OR = 0.92, IC 95%: 0.85–0.99, P = 0.048).
No significant association was found between the number of ESWT sessions and functional improvement (r = 0.12, P = 0.34).
Conclusion: ESWT has demonstrated significant efficacy in improving functional outcomes and reducing pain in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Nevertheless, advanced age and delayed initiation of therapy have been identified as factors associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Early intervention is therefore recommended to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes and appropriate control groups are warranted to validate these findings.
Keywords: Adhesive capsulitis, Frozen shoulder, Extracorporeal shock waves, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Capsular fibrosis, Rehabilitation, Recurrence factors

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How to Cite this article: Terán P, Lozada A, Endara F, Guzmán L | Assessment of the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in adhesive capsulitis: Outcomes analysis and predictors of recurrence. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jan-Jun 2025; 5(1): 23-30.

 

 

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Proposal of a standardized positioning for rotator cuff treatment with shock waves and radial pressure waves: An anatomo-imaging correlation

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Original Article | Vol 5 | Issue 1 |  January-June 2025 | page: 19-22 | María Laura Tutté, Marcela Cedrés, Gabriela Stadler, Daniel Moya

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2025.v05.i01.163

Open Access License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).

Submitted Date: 2025, Review Date: 2025, Accepted Date: 2025 & Published: 30 Jun 2025

Author: María Laura Tutté [1], Marcela Cedrés [2], Gabriela Stadler [1], Daniel Moya [3]

[1] Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, State Insurance Bank Hospital Montevideo, Uruguay,
[2] Department of Imagenology, State Insurance Bank Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay,
[3] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Argentina.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. María Laura Tutté,
Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, State Insurance Bank Hospital Montevideo, Uruguay.
E-mail: dra.tutte@gmail.com

Abstract
One of the keys to successful treatment with radial pressure waves and focused shock waves is being able to deliver the energy to the right area. The shoulder region is characterized by a complex architecture with overlapping structures, which can make it difficult to locate the area to be treated.
The aim of this study is to describe the best upper limb positions and standardized approaches to treat rotator cuff pathology, based on the correlation of radiological and ultrasound images obtained during a joint examination by an imaging expert and a shock wave specialist.
Keywords: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Radial pressure waves, Arm positioning, Shoulder ultrasound

References:

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13. Cosentino R, De Stefano R, Selvi E, Frati E, Manca S, Frediani B, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder: Single blind study. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:248-50.
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How to Cite this article: Tutté ML, Cedrés M, Stadler G, Moya D | Proposal of a standardized positioning for rotator cuff treatment with shock waves and radial pressure waves: An anatomoimaging correlation. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jan-Jun 2025; 5(1): 19-22.

 

 

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Analysis of therapeutic effect of high focused extracorporeal shock wave comprehensive therapy on femoral head bone marrow edema syndrome

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Original Article | Vol 3 | Issue 2 |  July-December 2023 | page: 35-40 | Ruimeng Duan, Leilei Zhang, Haonan Ling, Jie Guan, Huisheng Shi, Dawei Liang, Xiantao Chen

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i02.99

Author: Ruimeng Duan [1], Leilei Zhang [1], Haonan Ling [1], Jie Guan [1], Huisheng Shi [1], Dawei Liang [1], Xiantao Chen [1]

[1] Department of Femoral Head Necrosis, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang, Henan, China.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Xiantao Chen,
Department of Femoral Head Necrosis, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), No. 82 Qiming South Road, Luoyang, Henan Province 471000, China.
E-mail: luoyangzhenggu@163.com

Abstract

Purpose: This study explored the clinical therapeutic effect of high-focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (HF-ESWT) combined with exercise rehabilitation and drug therapy on femoral head bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES).
Materials and Methods: This study systematically reviewed and analyzed the clinical data of 43 patients with femoral head bone marrow edema who were treated in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2022. Twenty-three patients received HF-ESWT comprehensive treatment. Twenty patients received general treatment including medication and exercise rehabilitation treatment. The treatment methods for Group B patients were the same as Group A, except for not receiving shock wave therapy. Changes in visual analog scale (VAS), Harris score of the hip, and the edema area of region of interest area (ROIA) on hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed before and after treatment.
Results: Our research found that patients receiving HF-ESWT had significantly reduced VAS compared with general treatment at 1, 2, and 3 months (P < 0.05). We found that HF-ESWT comprehensive treatment had significantly improved hip Harris score compared with general treatment at 2 and 3 months (P < 0.05). HF-ESWT comprehensive treatment had significantly reduced edema area of ROIA on hip MRI compared with general treatment at 1, 2, and 3 months (P < 0.05). In addition, the healing rate was significantly higher in the HF-ESWT
comprehensive treatment group compared with general treatment group (P < 0.05). One of the patients in the group treated with shockwaves developed hip pain that worsened after treatment, three patients developed local skin ecchymosis, and the other patients had no adverse events.
Conclusion: HF-ESWT comprehensive treatment significantly reduced hip pain symptoms, quickly shortened the time for femoral head edema to dissipate, and significantly improved hip function for affected limbs with bone marrow edema syndrome. HF-ESWT comprehensive treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for HF-BMES.
Keywords: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Bone marrow edema syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine, Osteonecrosis of the femoral head

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27. Mei J, Pang L, Jiang Z. The effect of extracorporeal shock wave on osteonecrosis of femoral head: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Sportsmed 2022;50:280-8.
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How to Cite this article: Duan R, Zhang L, Ling H, Guan J, Shi H, Liang D, Chen X | Analysis of therapeutic effect of high focused extracorporeal shock wave comprehensive therapy on femoral head bone marrow edema syndrome | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jul-Dec 2023; 3(2): 35-40.

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A novel treatment method for ankylosing spondylitis combined with sacroiliac joint bone marrow edema

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Original Article | Vol 3 | Issue 2 |  July-December 2023 | page: 41-46 | Leilei Zhang, Xuanye Zhu, Haonan Ling, Wanyi Zhang, Ying Zhang, Youwen Liu, Xiantao Chen

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i02.101

Author: Leilei Zhang [1], Xuanye Zhu [2], Haonan Ling [1], Wanyi Zhang [1], Ying Zhang [1], Youwen Liu [1], Xiantao Chen [1]

[1] Center of hip Surgery, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China.
[2] Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, zhengzhou, China.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Center of Hip Surgery, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, No. 82, South Qiming Road, 471002, Luoyang, China.
E-mail: luoyangzhenggu@139.com

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether high-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) combined with conventional oral medicine as a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS)combined with sacroiliac joint bone marrow edema.
Materials & Methods: 40 patients were divided into two groups and were treated with or without ESWT in combination with conventional oral medicine. A visual analog scale (VAS) score of spinal pain, as well as indicators of spinal mobility, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores, inflammatory index (C-reactive protein, blood cell sedimentation rate), and other indicators were compared between the two groups. The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scoring system was used to evaluate pain and structural damage in the sacroiliac joint.
Results: (1) After one month of treatment (T1), VAS, BASDAI, BASFI, and SPARCC scores were lower in both groups than at the start of treatment (T0) (P < 0.05), with greater decreases observed in the treatment group (P < 0.05). (2) Also, at T1, indicators of spinal mobility for the two groups were improved (P < 0.05). (3) ESR and C-reactive protein levels for the two groups decreased significantly at T1 versus T0 (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: ESWT combined with oral medication can significantly relieve pain and improve clinical functional symptoms for patients with AS. It can also reduce sacroiliac joint bone marrow edema and control the inflammatory reaction in the sacroiliac joint, which represents a novel, effective, reliable, and safe clinical treatment therapeutic method.
Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis, Sacroiliac joint, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, oral medicine.

References:

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How to Cite this article: Zhang L, Zhu X, Ling H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chen X | A novel treatment method for ankylosing spondylitis combined with sacroiliac joint bone marrow edema | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jul-Dec 2023; 3(2): 41-46.

 

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Clinical Study on Appropriate Energy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave for Rotator Cuff Non-calcific Tendinopathy Treatment

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Original Article | Vol 3 | Issue 2 |  July-December 2023 | page: 47-51 | Jin Xi, Li Jie, Li Jin, Luo Hao, Zhang Liheng

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i02.103

Author: Jin Xi [1], Li Jie [2], Li Jin [2], Luo Hao [2], Zhang Liheng [2]

[1] Graduate Union of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun China.
[2] Department of Sports medicine and joint surgery Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital, Changchun, China.

Address of Correspondence
Dr. Zhang Liheng,
Department of Sports medicine and joint surgery Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital, Changchun, China.
E-mail: 1987174487@qq.com

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the short-term clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock waves with different energy levels on rotator cuff non-calcific tendinopathy.
Materials and Methods: A total of 139 patients with rotator cuff rotator non-calcific tendinopathy were randomly divided into eight groups based on the different energy levels of the Dornier Aries smart focus shock wave therapy device: Level 5, 2000 shocks (0.062 mJ/mm2), Level 6, 2000 shocks (0.084 mJ/mm2), Level 7, 2000 shocks (0.096 mJ/mm2), Level 8, 2000 shocks (0.117 mJ/mm2), Level 5, 3000 shocks (0.062 mJ/mm2), Level 6, 3000 shocks (0.084 mJ/mm2), Level 7, 3000 shocks (0.096 mJ/mm2), and Level 8, 3000 shocks (0.117 mJ/mm2). Each
group received shock wave treatment corresponding to the respective energy level and shock count. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Constant-Murley score (CMS) were compared before and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment to determine the short-term efficacy.
Results: The VAS scores of all groups significantly decreased at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment compared to before treatment. The VAS score of the Level 7, 2000 shocks (0.096 mJ/mm2) group was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.05). The CMS scores of all groups significantly increased at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment compared to before treatment. The CMS score of the Level 7, 2000 shocks (0.096 mJ/mm2) group was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). There was significant statistical difference in the effective rate among the eight groups (P > 0.05). No serious adverse reactions were observed in any group before or after the treatment.
Conclusion: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for rotator cuff rotator non-calcific tendinopathy can alleviate shoulder joint pain, improve shoulder joint function, and enhance patients quality of life with good efficacy. The optimal therapeutic effect was observed at an energy level of 0.096 mJ/mm2 and 2000 shocks.
Keywords: Rotator cuff injury, Rotator cuff non-calcific tendinopathy, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy

References:

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14. Yörüközgü AC, Şavkin R, Büker N, Alsayani KY. Is there a relation between rotator cuff injury and core stability? J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019;32:445-52.

How to Cite this article: Xi J, Jie L, Jin L, Hao L, Liheng Z | Clinical Study on Appropriate Energy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave for Rotator Cuff Non-calcific Tendinopathy Treatment. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jul-Dec 2023; 3(2): 47-51.

 

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Comparison of Radial Pressure Waves and Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves in Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee

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Original Article | Vol 3 | Issue 2 |  July-December 2023 | page: 62-66 | Xichun Sun, Suoli Cheng, Xianghua Xiong, Zhengcheng Wang

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i02.109

Author: Xichun Sun [1], Suoli Cheng [1], Xianghua Xiong [2], Zhengcheng Wang [1]

[1] Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China,
[2] Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Liangping District, Chongqing, China.

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Suoli Cheng,
Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
E-mail: chengsuoli@126.com

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the clinical efficacy of radial pressure waves and focused external shock wave therapy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
Materials and Methods: From October 2020, 90 patients aged 45–65 years old with Kellgren and Lawrence classification (K-L) stage I and II of KOA were selected in our hospital or randomly assigned to 3 groups with 30 cases in each group. One group was treated with antiinflamatory medication. The other two groups received one course of treatment (once a week, 4 times in total) performed by using radial focused shock
waves respectively, and follow-up was conducted by telephone and outpatient review 3, 6, and 9 months after the treatment. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) osteoarthritis score were used before and after treatment.
Results: (1) VAS, WOMAC, and evaluation indexes of both treated groups were better than those of the control group (oral drug group); (3) The score of the radial group was significantly different from that of the focused group (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: (1) Focused and radial pressure waves (RPW) have good clinical therapeutic effect on early KOA (2) Comparison of long-term effect: focused shock waves are more significant than radial (3) Radial pressure waves area good indication in relatively young patients, short course of disease (within 1 year), and K-L stage I an II. (4) In older patients, with more than a year of symptoms and K-L stages II and III, focal waves are more effective than radial waves. (5) Patients with acute onset and night pain or accompanied by obvious effusion can first take nonsteroidal
drugs orally continuously for a week, and the treatment effect is better. During treatment, the drugs can be continued or stopped according to the specific conditions. When synovial edema and effusion of the joint decreased, the conventional parameters were used for treatment.
Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Radial Pressure Waves

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How to Cite this article: Sun X, Cheng S, Xiong X, Wang Z | Comparison of Radial Pressure Waves and Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves in Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jul-Dec 2023; 3(2): 62-66.

 

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Clinical Study on the Treatment of Long Bone Fracture Non-union with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Combined with Platelet-rich Plasma

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Original Article | Vol 3 | Issue 2 | July-December 2023 | page: 67-72 | RongDa Xu, JiaHui Li, ZhenCun Cai, Zhi Li, ZhiHao Liang, YuanLong Li, Lin Shen, HongLiang Tu, HongYu Zhou, Han Sun, Pei Li

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i02.111

Author: RongDa Xu [1], JiaHui Li [1], ZhenCun Cai [1], Zhi Li [2], ZhiHao Liang [2], YuanLong Li [3], Lin Shen [4], HongLiang Tu [5], HongYu Zhou [6], Han Sun [7], Pei Li [1]

[1] Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China,
[2] Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário, Rua do Almirante Costa Cabral, Macau, China,
[3] Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China,
[4] Department of Hand Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China,
[5] Department of Orthopedics Surgery, 242 Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu District, China,
[6] Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shenyang Orthopedic Hospital, Dadong District, Shenyang, China,
[7] Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Liaoyang County Central Hospital, Liaoyang, China.

Address of Correspondence

Dr. Pei Li,
Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China.
E-mail: peili4421@gmail.com

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate of the therapeutic efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in patients with long bone fracture non-union.
Material and Methods: A total of 36 patients identified with long bone fracture non-union treated from September 2020 to September 2023 were enrolled into this study. Employing a random number table method, they were randomly divided into three groups, with 12 cases in each group. Based on the treatment modality, the groups were categorized as the ESWT group, PRP group, and combination ESWT + PRP group. Routine radiographs and musculoskeletal ultrasound were obtained before treatment and at 3-, 6-, and 9-month post-treatment intervals to observe for bone callus formation and assess fracture line imaging scores with the aim to evaluate the treatment efficacy of each group.
Results: With the extension of treatment time, the bone callus and fracture line imaging scores of the three groups gradually increased (P < 0.05). At 3-, 6-, and 9-month post-treatment, the scores of the ESWT combined with the PRP group were significantly better than those of the singular ESWT group and PRP group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Therapy with singular ESWT, singular PRP, and combination ESWT + PRP has demonstrated effective improvement in fracture healing for patients with long bone fracture non-union. The synergistic effects of combination therapy were more significant, surpassing the efficacy of singular ESWT or PRP applications. The combined use of ESWT and PRP represents a safe and promising alternative treatment for long-bone fracture non-union, making it a compelling choice in the context of fracture healing.
Keywords: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Platelet-rich plasma, Non-union of fracture.

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How to Cite this article: Xu R, Li J, Cai Z, Li Z, Liang Z, Li Y, Shen L, Tu H, Zhou H, Sun H, Li P | Clinical Study on the Treatment of Long Bone Fracture Non-union with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Combined with Platelet-rich Plasma. | Journal of Regenerative Science | Jul-Dec 2023; 3(2): 67-72.

 

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